The Scientific Method
By John Cowens

Welcome back to another exciting year! One way to help our students improve in science is to utilize scientific method – a process of thinking through possible solutions to a problem and testing each possibility to find the best solution.

Try applying the steps of the scientific method to the two classic egg experiments provided here.

Scientific method

1. Problem – The question to be answered. The problem is best expressed as an "open-ended" question that must be answered with a statement, rather than just a simple yes or no. Be sure to choose a problem that can be solved experimentally.
2. Hypothesis – This is an idea about the solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research. Although the hypothesis is usually a single statement, it is the key to a successful science activity.
3. Materials – List all the materials and devices that will be needed to perform the experiment(s).
4. Procedures – A series of numbered instructions listing all the steps of how your experiment was completed. Procedures should be as complete and detailed as possible and should be written in the past tense.
5. Variables – A variable is something that can change in your experiment. You may choose to manipulate one or more variables. Other variables must be controlled, or kept constant. The ideal scientific experiment is a controlled experiment!
6. Collect Data – Record everything that happens during your experiment. There are two types of observation: qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (precise measurements).
7. Conclusion – A summary of the results of the activity and a statement of how the results relate to the hypothesis. Give possible reasons for the difference between your hypothesis and the experiment results. Also give ways that you can experiment further to find a solution.

John Cowens has taught for 26 years. He currently teaches sixth grade at Fleming Middle School in Grants Pass, OR.